Network Consultation Proposal Essay

DesignIT is a graphic arts company that is expanding business and has recently purchased a new building 56’*36’ space for the purpose of housing two full time designers and a receptionist. The new building has four cubicles, one office, one server room, one reception desk, and a conference room. DesignIT has already relocated one Web Server (Microsoft IIS Server), one File Server (Microsoft Server 2008), and one more Server 2008 (Small Business Server). As a network design consultant, I have been charged with the task of designing and configuring the network for DesignIT. The small company has informed me that the network should include six computers, three printers, a Firewall, a wireless network for portable devices, and a high speed internet connection. DesignIT has also requested me that all the interconnected devices and wiring, along with the speed should be able to offer the best performance. I will design a Local Area Network (LAN) for DesignIT, a Local Area Net work (LAN) is a network of computers, and other network devices such as printers which exchange data, and are located under one roof. LAN networks are mostly used in small organizations or small businesses. The computers in a LAN communicate through protocols and share data such as files and emails. Every computer in a network is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP). When a computer communicates by sending a request to the LAN network, it is routed to a particular server that has the requested data. The server then communicates back to the IP address of requesting computer with the information that was requested (Kenyon, 2002). There are three servers for DesignIT, the Web Server will be used to connect the company to the internet, and the File Server will be utilized for sharing while the Small Business Server will be utilized as a Mail Server. Since DesignIT needs a network that incorporates six computers, three printers, and a wireless network, the network design should therefore take  several factors into consideration. These factors will impact on the network costs, speed, infrastructure, and functionali ty. When designing this Local Area Network (LAN) for DesignIT, there is also need to consider the network requirements. The network should integrate sound, video, synchronous, as well as asynchronous data. When designing the LAN network, the organizational goals of DesignIT should be factored in the LAN design. I will also pay attention to network throughput, line charges, security, and the integration of newer technologies in the future. When designing a LAN network, some issues must be considered, one of these issues is the organization’s short, medium, and long term goals. Several factors to be considered include the network equipment, user applications, end-user equipment (workstations), and connectivity to the internet. The LAN network for DesignIT will include other network devices which include gateways, routers, firewall, and cables. Without these devices communication cannot be possible from a computer to another in the LAN network. A router and switch are the most important devices of a network. Networks which are well configured and have a good infrastructure are helpful in improving manageability, performance, reliability and reducing overall operating cost (Kenyon, 2002). To set up this LAN network for the DesignIT, the following are the hardware and software devices that I would utilize so as to design the LAN network for DesignIT. T1 Lines- This is a standard for data communication which was first developed in the 1960s. T1 lines offer a data rate of 1.544Mbps. I will utilize T1 link from Verizon to connect DesignIT to the internet. T1 lines are offer private voice and reliable data networking. A T1 line typically costs $1000 per month. Cisco Linksys Firewall- A firewall is a software or hardware network device that controls incoming and outgoing data communication through analyzing data packets and giving permissions whether to allow or not based on a set of rules. A firewall may also include a default gateway or a proxy server which helps to make network request on the behalf of a user. I will utilize Cisco-Linksys BEFSX41 EtherFast Cable/DSL Firewall Router (4-Port 10/100 Switch / VPN Endpoint) for this network. The device costs $150. LAN Switch- A LAN Switch performs the same work as a hub except that, a switch does not broadcast packets to every computer in the network like hubs. All the computers and computer devices will be connected to the switch by Ethernet cables. The LAN  Switch costs $150. Linksys Wireless Router- A router is a network device that is used to connect two or more computer devices in a network. The Linksys Wireless router will be utilized to connect wireless devices the LAN network. The Linksys WRT54G Wireless Router that I will use in this case costs $150. Ethernet Cables- Ethernet Cables will be utilized to connect all the network devices in the DesignIT LAN network. They will connect routers, switches, computers, and printers in the LAN network. I will utilize CAT5 Ethernet Cables for this network. The Ethernet cables will cost about $100 for DesignIT LAN network. ESET NOD32 Antivirus- an Antivirus is software that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malicious computer programs. ESET NOD32 Antivirus is a good choice since it also acts against other types of malware such as worm, Trojan horses, backdoors, and spyware. The ESET NOD32 Antivirus 6 that I will utilize for this network costs $40 for subscription of one year. The building will share one internet connection (T-1 link from Verizon). This connection will come to Web Server in the server room. This will be the access point of the LAN network of DesignIT. The T-1 link from Verizon will connect the company to the internet and can also be utilized to connect the LAN network to another LAN or WAN network in case the company decides to expand business in future. The T-1 link utilizes frame relay which will provide the building with high speed data connection between and among all users. This connection will also enable all computers to receive dedicated connection at a speed that every computer requires. This connection will also be affordable for DesignIT since it is only charged for the resources. It costs an average of $1000 per month. Frame relay is an industry standard technology for accessing fast packet switched, â€Å"cloud computing† data networks (Bates, 2000). Through T1 link DesignIT will use frame relay as an interface between data terminal equipment such as routers, switches, and host machines such as servers. This technology will provide connectivity via logical channels or permanent virtual circuit connections which will be deployed over dedicated access facilities and shared on a high performance switching platform. This shared data platform and backbone makes transport more efficient, such that all users will receive better network throughput which is also cost effective. T-1 link technology is an added advantage for DesignIT LAN network since it is flexible to use and an excellent platform for many application. Since multiple virtual connections are established over one physical access line, Frame Relay can reduce the number of customer premises router ports necessary for LAN applications. The number of private lines required to attain mesh connectivity and reliability can also be reduced. Frame Relay handles terminal to-host, LAN-to-LAN connections, or applications like imaging, e-mail and graphic file transfers with equal simplicity. With all of these capabilities, Frame Relay is an excellent choice for DesignIT. I will configure a Class C network for DesignIT with an IP of 192.168.0.0/16. There will only be one subnet for this network. I have selected a Class C network because it exhibits the ability to combat spamming of sites located on the same server. Search engines have removed linking power from one site to the other in case they are on the same class C IP. I will take network security measures so as to implement the best security for DesignIT. The security will be designed in regard to the user group in question, this means that the two designers will share different user groups with the receptionist if need be. I will implement access control measures such as access logs so as to manage what each user should have access to in regard to the organizational pol icies and procedures. I will also install ESET NOD32 Antivirus in the Small Business Server. The Cisco Linksys Firewall will also be a key device for enhancing security; it will control incoming and outgoing data communication through analyzing data packets and giving permissions based on security rules. The Bus Topology is the best suited for this network; the bus topology is the simplest network topology. Also known as linear bus, in this topology all computers will be connected to a contiguous cable or a cable joined together to make it contiguous. Ethernet is the common example of a bus topology. Each computer determines when the network is not busy and transmits data as needed. Computers devices in a bus apology listen only for transmission from other computers; they do not repeat or forward the transmission on the other computers. It is also worth noting that the signal in a bus topology travels to both ends of the cable. To keep the signal from bouncing back and forth along the cable, both ends of the cable in a bus topology will be terminated.

Air Asia- Porter’s Five Forces

Porter’s five forces Michael E. Porter claimed that there are five competitive forces which can shape every industry by identify and analysis those five forces(appendix) and thus determine strengths and weaknesses of the industry. Those five forces are now used to determined Air Asia’s strengths and weaknesses which are shown as below: Threat of Entry There is a high barrier entering airlines industry since it requires high capital to set up everything such as purchase or lease air craft, set up office, hire staffs, and etc. Thus, this has reduced the treat to Air Asia. Moreover, brand awareness is quite important in this industry. Thus, to enter this industry not only required high capital but also have to take some time to create brand awareness. Consumers always choose the product or service they really trust. Thus, instead of creating brand awareness, new entry has to create so called brand loyalty. Hence, this is reducing treat to Air Asia too. ( Roy L. Simerly) However, the government legislation is one of the barriers for entering airlines industry. For example, MAS has been protected by Malaysia government on the route to Sydney and Seoul Incheon. Therefore Air Asia find itself very difficult getting a new route from government. This not only affects the timeline set by Air Asia but also influence their profit. Power of suppliers Every industry has someone to play the role as suppliers. Power of the suppliers is important as it will affect the industry. In airline industry, the power of suppliers is quite high since there are only two major suppliers which are Airbus and Boeing hence there are not many choices to airline industry. Nevertheless, the global economic crisis has limited the new entrant and also reducing the upgrade of planes in the immediate future. However, both suppliers provide almost same standard aircrafts and hence the switching to Air Asia is low. Moreover, Air Asia placed a large amount of order from Airbus in order to expand its routes to international routes. As a result, the power of suppliers may be reduced as Airbus’s profit may be influenced by Air Asia. ( Roy L. Simerly) Power of buyers Buyers are one of the factors which will give influence the industry whether making profit or loss. Nowadays, those buyers are much more knowledgeable and high educated. Thus, they are very sensitive to the price no matter in what product or service. In this case, even Air Asia always provide lowest price to customers, but they still will make comparison between airlines. Secondly, to switch to other service is very simple because Air Asia is not the only one who provides airline service. I. e. customers still can choose MAS, Tiger Airway, Firefly and etc. ( Roy L. Simerly) Moreover, Air Asia always leaves customers an image as they always delay the flight. Hence, as an investor or business man, they will choose more reliable airlines instead of Air Asia. Threat of substitutes Substitutes are products or services which can replace the original products or services and give almost same satisfaction to the consumers. In airline industry, there are two types of substitutes, indirect and direct substitutes. Indirect substitutes include train, bus, cruise and etc. On the other hand, direct substitutes indicate the other airline. Consumers usually prefer low cost. For example, from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore, there are few transports that consumers can choose such as bus, train and air travel. If the customer is going to a budgeted trip, definitely he will choose bus which is the lowest price among the three. Moreover, the technology is now make information much more easily to assess. Customers can easily compare the price among few airlines just by assessing internet as internet make information more transparency. Nevertheless, the archipelago geographical structure in Malaysia make air travel is the most viable, efficient and convenient mode of transportation. For example, travel from Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok, the customer may choose to take bus or air flight. However, air plane are much more convenient and also lesser time consuming compare with taking bus to Bangkok. Rivalry among existing competitors In every industry, there is positive or negative trend to industry growth rate. If there is positive trend, then the firms have not to steal the market share among them. However, in airline industry, the growth rate is really low due to limited customers. Thus, in order to expand, Air Asia has to steal the market share from its competitors. ( Roy L. Simerly) Secondly, Air Asia leads the main battlefield in price among competitors due to its low operating costs. However, there are more competitors enter to airline industry who have major carriers as their backers or owners may lead to ‘unreasonable’ price war in the future. Moreover, Air Asia is not the only one who provides airline service. There are few low cost carriers such as Firefly, Tiger Airway and etc which makes their services provided weak differentiation. Thus, it becomes a threat to Air Asia. Biblography Roy L. Simerly, Strategic Management Case Analysis,http://www. westga. edu/~bquest/2002/strategic1. htm, assess date: 10th may 2010 Investopedia, Industry Handbook: Porter's 5 Forces Analysis, http://www. investopedia. com/features/industryhandbook/porter. asp, assessed date: 8th may 2010

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay Health, social work, education and other social activities are considered as social sciences and fields of practice because they influence peoples lives every day (Merriam 2009). Due to humans curiosity and eager to learn, we choose to discover and learning more about ones practice rather than improving ones practice. Through qualitative research, it can leading us to ask more researchable question, not only find the solution, but also discover why it happen and how to overcome it Definition of Qualitative Research Qualitative research is specific relevance to the study of social relations, due to the fact of the diversification of life worlds. According to Hennink (2010), qualitative research is a broad umbrella term that covers a wide range of techniques and philosophies. It can examine peoples experiences in details, by using a specific set of research methods such as focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, visual methods, observations, content analysis and life histories o r biographies. One of the distinctive features of qualitative research is to identify the issue from the perspective of study participants. Through interpretation, understand the meanings that towards the behavior, events and objects. The skill of qualitative researcher must be expert so that they can extract the information and meaning form the given data, convert them into useful information such as report or presentation. Tools of Qualitative Research In-depth Interviews In-depth interviews are open-ended and guided discussion that involves conducting thorough individual interviews with a small number of respondents. The main objective is to discover their perspectives on a particular situation, idea and program (Boyce 2006). In-depth interviews are used to explore and understand about a persons thoughts, ideas and behaviours. Through interview, information and outcome data can be obtained, thus understanding what happen in a specific program and why it happened. When to use? In- depth interviews can be used when making complementary method strategy to a survey. Researchers had to develop techniques and strategies for working with groups of children and young people. In addition, in-depth interviews will be the best if someone are interested in individual information which regarding several topics of interest that can be attained only through an informal conversation alone with the child informant. When not to use? As long as the interview person is children, it is important to treat them as active participants, rather than mere respondents. It is essential to give them the opportunity to explain their responses in the interviewing process. Their emotion must be concern, so that they will not feel like been force giving the right answer. Advantages and disadvantages of In-depth Interviews The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is that much comprehensive information can be obtained through other data collection methods such as surveys. Survey can create a friendly environment for people to fill out their ideas and thought, thus the results and feedbacks can be obtained more easily and accurately. The secondary advantage of in-depth interviews is to allow interviewers to understand deeper with the participant, and gain more extra knowledge and insight than focus group. Thirdly, the faster process had become one advantage of in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews can enable the recruiting and scheduling process easier and faster.

California's sex offender registration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

California's sex offender registration - Essay Example d a copy of the notification form processed in this stage is also sent to the DOJ. The sex offender tracking program is an expedient tool utilized for keeping track of the sex offenders in California since 1947; the state is also regarded as being the first ever to enact a sex offender registration law. This was major step towards public disclosure of criminals, for many states did not recognize such laws until the 1990s. These registration requirements are lifetime, and with an ever-increasing and current population of 35million people, California is respectively the holder of the largest database of sex offenders in the USA (Lockyer, 2002, 3). This lifelong obligation can only be reversed if the offender a ‘Certificate of Rehabilitation’ ten years after s/he has been released from custody or it can also be relieved if ‘Government’s pardon’ is attained. However, many serious offences are not even eligible to attain the aforementioned relieving docume nts (IPS, 2009, 1). There are certain conditions which must be met duly by the sex offenders, these are the requirements and the guidelines set by the DOJ. It is incumbent upon the registered offenders to update their whereabouts and necessary information per annum, within 5 working days of their birthday. This requirement is more stringent for some, the transients must update every month while the sexually violent predators are extended 90 days worth of time. Recently, they have also been imposed with the responsibility of submitting their vehicle license plate number along with a recent photograph. Since 2002, they have also been required to register themselves with the campus police department in case they plan to enroll in any courses, attend any specific programs or even as much as work. Furthermore, even for people who are sex offenders, if convicted by the military or federal court, of other states but they enter the jurisdiction of Californian state; they are required to reg ister within 5 working days of entering California. Those who fail to register and have been convicted of a felony would be convicted of a felony yet again in case of non-compliance. This tracking program requires regular updates, and if any offender violates the registration requirements, it would show the registrant to be in violation. It is necessary for the transients to update their status within five working days with a local agency, in case they change their address or is homeless; the local agency is then responsible for forwarding the information to the DOJ. The latter then updates the information in the database, on a regular daily basis. The website www.meganslaw.ca.gov is responsible for publishing the data online, however 25% of the offender’s records are kept confidential and are not publicly disclosed, this condition depends on the specific type of crime being committed. According to the information available on this government website, the sex offenders can ev ade public disclosure in the following conditions (Harris, 2009; Department of Justice, 2010): 1- Sexual battery by

Divorce in popular culture and Its relationship to the American Essay

Divorce in popular culture and Its relationship to the American culture,beliefs and attitude - Essay Example Despite the growing trend of marital disruption in the United States and how its romantic plot remains to be an accepted theme in the popular culture, it is often the case that the destructive nature of divorce is overlooked especially when its negative consequences on the society, family, man, woman and child are not taken into consideration. Divorce has been an existing theme of popular culture over the years. In 1938, a British comedy romantic comedy movie â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† was released. From the title itself, the film had a main theme of marital disruption. Even up to now, after several decades have already passed, such theme is very much alive like the American romantic comedy film â€Å"Le Divorce† which was made available to the public on 20 Meanwhile, even when bound with marriage, having sexual affairs in both men and women can be observed as a common plot in some popular culture. Both films illustrate the romance that can be found in infidelity in g eneral, not only unfaithfulness within marriage. Likewise, the fun, thrill and excitement in such affairs of this sort are present. Nonetheless, pleasure is not always the side of every story for the reason that despondency can be found on the parts of those people who have been affected and hurt by such relationships. Without a doubt, those people who are hurt in the cases of divorce are often not taken into consideration. ... Divorce in Popular Culture and Its Relationship to the American Culture, Beliefs and Attitude According to Stevenson and Wolfers (27), the family as an institution is not stable. This reality is reflected by the artifacts of popular culture as well as different studies on divorce which have a wide array of scopes. As a matter of fact, Chandra, Martinez, Mosher, Abma,  and Jones (17 and 90) claimed in 2002 that within a span of 10 years, there are about 29 percent of first marriages among 15 – 44 year old women that used to end their union through separation, annulment or even divorce. In the analysis of how the artifacts of popular culture speak about the American culture, beliefs and attitudes, I have evaluated divorce as the subject matter. In this sense, I have assessed two films coming from different eras. I have first assessed â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† which was released in the year 1938 as well as the other film, â€Å"Le Divorce† which was released in 2003. Aside from the fact that it talks about divorce, for me, their point of convergence is that both have promoted the romance in extra – marital affairs as if there are no other people to be affected in set up of this sort. The way I look at it, this is most especially true for â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† because the marital disruption issue including infidelity is managed in a way of comedy. In the first movie, both husband, Everard Logan, and wife, Lady Meere, have cheated on each other but the story has managed to end up happily through remarriage to other partner. Meanwhile, â€Å"Le Divorce† has more heart – breaking aspects in a sense that Roxy, a pregnant wife, was cheated by her husband and was asked by her husband to end their marriage even if they have kids to consider. Her husband

Effectiveness of Medical Honey for Leg Ulceration and Wound Care Literature review

Effectiveness of Medical Honey for Leg Ulceration and Wound Care - Literature review Example These methods of wound care are meant to facilitate recovery and prevent the infection of the wound (Hess, 2004). In instances of prolonged healing, additional and alternative measures of wound care are often considered. One of these methods includes the use of medical honey (Boulton, Cavanaugh, and Rayman, 2006). Medical honey has been considered as an alternative form of therapy in wound management, especially for chronic and diabetic pressure ulcers (Boulton, et.al., 2006). Leg ulcers are common among diabetic patients and with diabetic patients often having prolonged wound healing times, the importance of implementing speedy and effective wound healing methods has become imperative (Shai and Maibach, 2004). The use of medical honey has been recommended by various studies and practitioners, with much support attributed to its use due to its healing and antibacterial properties (Shai and Maibach, 2004). The more traditional practitioners however have not supported the use of medica l honey over and above conventional methods of healing. Studies with contrasting results have been presented on this subject matter. For which reason, this study now seeks to carry out a literature review on studies discussing the use of medical honey for leg ulceration and wound care. ... A conclusion shall also provide a summary of the paper and a discussion on how the results of this study can contribute to the nursing practice. Literature Review Search strategy This literature review is being carried out in order to establish a critical analysis of the current research information on the efficacy of medical honey on leg ulcers and wound care. This literature review shall start through an internet database search of Google Scholar, Cochrane, PubMed, Medline Plus, and CINAHL using the following key words: medical honey leg ulcers; honey leg ulcers; and honey wound healing. The search shall also be narrowed down to a time limit from December 2006 to August 2012. Specific studies which discuss the efficacy of medical honey on leg ulcers and other wounds shall be prioritized and set aside for abstract review. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, case studies, prospective, and English-language studies shall be used as inclusion criteria for t he literature search. Secondary research studies, retrospective, chart reviews, descriptive, non-English language literature shall be excluded from this review. Those meeting the inclusion criteria shall then be set aside for further review, mostly on authors, publication, reliability, and validity of results. Critical Analysis: Support for the use of honey in leg ulceration Various studies have been carried out on the use of medical honey on leg ulcers and other wounds (Cooper, et.al., 2010). In a study by Molan (2009), the antibacterial qualities of honey in wound care was reviewed. His systematic review discussed the inhibitory impact of honey seen in bacteria which often infect wounds. Based on Moran’s (2011) study, honey was seen to have

Operation Iraqi Freedom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation Iraqi Freedom - Research Paper Example Iraq had no link to terrorism, no weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and no legal rationale to attack. Despite this, Bush decided to invade the Republic of Iraq for causes deemed objectionable to the majority of other countries so he frequently relied on and utilized false information to rationalize it. He lied. This discussion will examine how the truth was a casualty early and often during the lead up to the war and outlines some of the consequences brought about by these far-reaching and deadly deceptions. Bush voiced his disagreement to the concept of ‘nation building’ during the 2000 presidential election debates but as president waged an undeclared war against a sovereign country that had neither attacked first nor threatened to. Immediately following and as a reactionary reply to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Bush stated the county’s intention to begin a ‘War on Terrorism’ which he portrayed as a protracted battle against those t hat would use terrorist actions in addition to the countries that enabled them. The eventual culmination of the selective legal reasoning and rhetoric concerning the ‘War on Terror’ was Bush’s order of the military to invade both Afghanistan and Iraq, an illegal action on many fronts. Bush had constantly claimed that these actions were legal. First, he argued, due to language existing within the UN Security Council Resolution 1441 regarding Iraq and secondly, the invasions were an act of self-defense which is permitted by international law. Conversely, according to Richard Perle, advisor to U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and official of the U.S. Defense Policy Board, â€Å"international law ... would have required us to leave Saddam Hussein alone.† (Burkeman & Borger, 2003). However, this option would have been â€Å"morally unacceptable† according to the Bush administration. The United Nations Charter, Article 51, Chapter Seven stipulates à ¢â‚¬Å"nothing shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations† (United Nations Charter, 1945). Article 51 allows a country the justification to â€Å"deter an act, or acts of imminent or ongoing violence† but only as a transitory solution until the UN Security Council takes the appropriate actions to ensure the protection of the affected region. By precise interpretation of this Article, the rights of self-defense a country can exercise does not comprise the right to retaliate after an attack has ceased. The U.S. defended its invasion and occupation of Iraq to the countries of the world by announce, if not substantiating, that it was a undertaking to remove WMD which endangered not only the U.S. but all other countries as well. Secretary of State Colin Powell as well as other administration officials, predominantly with the U.S. Department of State, enthusiastically endeavored to s tate their justification for aggressive military actions and make this plan as acceptable to as many other nations as they could. Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy Secretary of Defense at that time, is quoted in a Vanity Fair magazine interview dated May 28, 2003 as saying â€Å"For bureaucratic reasons, we settled on one issue, weapons of mass destruction† (Shovelan, 2003). Before to the invasion, Hans Blix, the man in charge of the UN weapons inspection team in Iraq, said unequivocally and very publicly

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 - Assignment Example The screenshot appears when one has logged in the spacewalk web interface. Some of the highlights that may be displayed on the screen which may help user to see what is going on include; postdate systems, release of recent errata and critical monitoring status among other highlights. This screenshot help to map specimen for georeference obtained to other data base search (Shapley, Para-1). This screenshot is efficient and effective because it uses language that users can understand (Shapley, Para-1). Additionally, it helps to conduct assessment by taking into consideration all the heuristic principles (Shapley, Para-1). An example of this screenshot is the User Interface design and implementation which appears on the window XP when one presses the search button on the explorer tools bar. It allows the user to specify the kind of file he or she is searching for and in case the user makes a mistake he or she can Undo or redo. This screenshot assist data entry screenshot or consistency management screenshot which provides a list of all the elements that may be applied during the modeling process. The assisted data mechanism in this screenshot can help a person to avoid errors when making entries by enhancing consistency compliance to set standards. In this screenshot both experienced and inexperienced users are allowed to conduct frequent activities without going through unnecessary procedures. Hence, making it more flexible and efficient to use. The above screenshot help to enhance readability and inclusion of all the relevant information in the program that one is using.This screenshot may be available in microsoft spreadsheet,word and powerpoint. Therefore, based on the above interface design examples, it can be scrutinized how various screenshots for each of the ten heuristic may be used to execute various operations. Conclusively, it can be observed how screenshot are importance

Web site review asignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Web site review asignment - Research Paper Example The three insurance companies reviewed in this paper are namely, AIG, Allianz and American Family Insurance. AIG and Allianz are both well-established in fact they hold the fourth and third places in the world, respectively. Meanwhile, American Family is a fast-growing insurance company established in 1927. Allianz originates in Germany while the other two are American companies. Expectedly, these three companies maintain websites for promotions and other customer concerns. As insurance companies, the three are expected to have something in common: all offer insurance coverage for individuals and businesses. Nevertheless, American Family makes a big difference in terms of its products and services. Table 1 presents a summary of what the three companies offer. The three insurance providers have some products in common including auto, health, life, and home/property insurance. At first glance, one can determine that American Family has more coverage than the two other companies, especially in terms of individual products. Likewise, the other two share the same range of benefits except for educational package, which only AIG offers. Insurance for vehicles have become a common trend, hence the three companies present coverage of such on their websites. Auto insurance usually covers new automobiles, and such is the case with the three companies. All boast of a wide coverage but AIG limits itself to luxury cars. Meanwhile, the two other companies offer almost the same products and services, including coverage of motor vehicles. Both of them have repair and towing services 24 hours a day, under even the most difficult weather conditions. Notably, American Family includes accessory programs to their usual coverage such as the Teen Safe Driver, Auto Rental Reimbursement and discounts to services. It is good to see that the two websites enumerate their programs and services but Allianz has a better way of

Pre-determined programme Essay Example for Free

Pre-determined programme Essay The relationship formed by nursing professionals with those who utilized healthcare services goes a long way in determining how satisfactory the users are. The nurses are in direct contact with patients and users of healthcare services, more often than the doctors are. They carry out the administration of drugs prescribed by doctors and go the whole length of checking the condition of the patients and acting as an intermediary between the doctor and the patients. Thus, this prominent role goes a long way to determine the level of satisfaction that is derived by users of healthcare services. It is argued that it is nature that cure not the administration of medicine; medicine gives relief and leaves the curative process for nature to handle. Nurses tend to handle patients and be close to them to help the curative process through nature to take place. According to Mckenna (1997), â€Å"Nurses could be actively involved in this process of putting the patients in the best condition for nature to act upon him if given appropriate training†. With the aid of the service users, nurses would be able to perform more effectively in the professional duties of assisting patients to be in the right condition for the curative process to take place through nature. Effective participation in healthcare service requires looking beyond national institutions to enhancing the capacities of citizens to influence supranational, as well as national policy on health. Croft Beresford (1996), point out a more radical version of people’s participation, one that would go beyond the more paternalistic versions of welfare state and the narrow consumerist approaches to users involvement. â€Å"Growing from the struggles of the disability rights movement and others, this approach began to talk about participation not only in terms of having a say and being involved in the delivery of existing programmes, but also about more active participation in provisioning and in policy formulation. This approach sees the users as having fundamental claims to civil rights rather than being subjected to the discretion of the social service producer. In recent times, there has been a convergence of concern with citizen engagement in policy formulation and implementation and with good governance, broadening political participation to include a search for new, more direct, ways through which citizens may influence governments and hold them accountable (Gaventa Valderama, 1999). During the late 1960s, and the 1970s, there was a growing demand in many parts of the world for citizens to be involve in decision-making processes which affected their lives, including in the social policy arena. The form of participation that emerged focused largely on establishing, consultative mechanisms, often in the form of user committees. The spread of this new approach was rapid and far-reaching. Citizens became involve in thousands of community health councils, parents committees in schools, tenant councils, and countless other beneficiary committees. (Cornwall Gaventa, 1999:5) By participating in decision, making pertaining to the provision of social services citizens uses this medium as an avenue to seek accountability from those representing them in a democratic government. By seeing themselves as actors rather than simply passive beneficiaries, user group may be more able to assist their citizenship in a third sense through seeking greater accountability from service providers. One form of greater accountability is through increased dialogue and consultation of its leaders with forum of user involvement. In this avenue, questions can be raised to the extent to which any group is being marginalized and ways to articulate their concerns and this will determine the form that the dialogue takes (ibid: 10). According to Gaventa Valderama (1999), increasingly discussion of governance and accountability focus on forms of broader interaction of public and private social actors, especially at the local level. Citizen participation in this sense involves direct ways in which citizens influence and exercise control in governance, not only through the more traditional forms of indirect representation Citizen participation in service delivery in healthcare has increasingly been used to enable citizens to express their concerns more directly to those with the power to influence the policy process. â€Å"While a number of participatory methods focus on enhancing direct participation of citizens in the governance process, others are focusing on maintaining accountability of elected officials and government agencies to the citizenry, through new forms of citizen monitoring and evaluating† (Cornwall Gaventa, 1999) Citizenship participation in decision of healthcare service avail them the opportunity in demanding and negotiating directly with government for greater performance and accountability other than they relying on self-provisioning through civil society. â€Å"Through such participation, users of services can potentially shape social policy not only as beneficiaries or consumers in pre-determined programmes, but as citizens exercising rights of agency, voice and participation (ibid: 18).

Development of Water-soluble Metal

Development of Water-soluble Metal Development of Water-soluble metal working fluids and study of their wear properties Chidambaram CT, L.A.Kumaraswamidhas, Suman Dutta* Abstract Metalworking chemistry evolved from simple oils to water-based technology. The tool life was extended by reducing wear by metal working fluids. This study shows parameters affecting on Wear Scar Diameters (WSD) with different water soluble metal working fluid having different mineral oil and phosphorous EP additive content. The optimum mineral oil and phosphorous EP additive content of this metal working fluid has been estimated using 2-level factorial design. The Mean Ware Scar Diameter (MWSD) is determined experimentally. The test is performed at specific speed, load and temperature adopting four balls tribology test method as per ASTM D4172 test procedure. The results from wear tester indicate the role of mineral oil content and mixture of EP additives. The lubricants with poor wear results possess excellent extreme pressure qualities. Keywords : Water-soluble metal working fluid, wear scar, four ball tester, 2-level factorial design Introduction Metal Working fluids principal functions are to accelerate heat dissipation with increased tool service life, lubrication between tool, chip and workpieice with reduced tool wear and improvement of the work piece surface finish. The fluids cool and lubricate the metal tool interface [1]. Metal working fluid requirements will be removal of heat, transport of metal chips and lubricate between tool and metal. Water soluble metal working fluids and Neat oils are two types of working fluid. The simple aqueous solutions provide excellent cooling but are not adequate for maintaining the good lubrication. Under such circumstances, a compromise is achieved by the use of soluble oils that consist of mineral oil together with EP compounds. These soluble oils function satisfactorily in most of the operations but their EP activities remain to a limited extent [3]. The main advantages of water-based fluids are that they resist the growth of microorganisms and the development of objectionable odor s. The functional additives contribute to the total composition which includes emulsification, corrosion inhibition, lubrication, microbial control, lubrication, pH buffering, coupling, defoaming, dispersing and wetting. In order to understand the effects of wear, researchers are able to understand the reaction of two moving surfaces between the metal working fluid and the material [4]. For minimizing the wear, the lubricant plays important role to increase the life time of mechanical components. Extreme Pressure (EP) additives such as sulphur, chloride and phosphorous actually form metal complexes with the metal surface at elevated temperatures. Any of the EP additives or in combination used in formulation of water soluble metal working fluids to impart good lubricity. Wear to the cutting edge is usually accompanied by rounding of the tools tip and permissible wear width is an indicator of tool service life [6]. For this paper, 5% of different water soluble metal working fluids employed to Four ball Tribotester, following the ASTM Standard D4172 [7]. The analyses were focused on the wear scar diameter and the results showed that having poor wear results have excellent extreme pressure qualities. The optimum value of mineral oil and phosphate esters were estimated by 2-level factorial design Level Factorial Design. 2-Level Factorial Design A 2-level factorial design with two factors have been used for this study. The factor considered here are concentration of mineral oil and phosphorous EP additives. The design points are shown Fig. 1 and values of independent variables at two levels are given in Table 1. Materials and Methods. The following section illustrates the experimental procedure and the materials and equipment required for this purpose Materials Chrome alloy steel standard balls as per AISIE-521000 of 12.7mm diameter, extra polish grade 25 of Rockwell C Hardness 64 – 66 HRC. Every test, new four balls were used. These balls were cleaned by using Acetone and wiped by fresh lint before starting the test. Water Soluble Metal Working Fluids The function of Metal working fluids are to aid the cutting and grinding operations with good finish and maintain the work piece quality by extending the life of machine tools. The chemical additives are used to formulate metal working fluid will contribute for stability, lubricity and microbial control. Water soluble metal working fluids with different mineral oil content such as 40%, 43%, 55%, 70% and 90% were defined as test candidates for the study to represent the entire performance bandwidth of the metal working fluids. The above concentrates are mixed with water at 5% concentration are for this test. Water soluble metal working fluid concentrates with 40% mineral oil content was subjected phosphorous EP Additives dosages with 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% for providing extreme pressure lubricity. These concentrates are diluted with water at 5% and conducted wear study as per ASTM D 4712. Apparatus Four-ball wear tester used for investigation of understanding the characteristics of lubricants. The above tester uses four balls. Three balls are firmly held in a ball pot which contains the lubricant to be tested and are pressed with one ball on the top. The top ball rotated at 1200 rpm on the three balls at the bottom. The four-ball tribotester machine TR-30L manufactured by Ducom India. This tester is used to measure the wear scar. The oil cup assembly, collect and the ball bearings are the important components shown in the figure 2. Before conducting the test, these components are cleaned with acetone. Test Procedures Steel ball bearings were placed in the ball pot assembly and tightened by using a torque wrench such that bottom steel balls prevented from moving during the testing. In the collector, the spinning ball at the top is locked and tightened onto the spindle. The test metal working fluid fed into the ball pot assembly. The assembly is installed into disc in the four ball machine. The test load of 392N (40 kg) applied slowly to avoid shock loading. The metal working fluid being tested was heated to 75oC by the tribotesters built-in heater. Set the drive motor to drive the top ball at 1200 rpm about one hour when the temperature reached. Oil cup assembly removed after one hour by switching off the heater. The metal working fluid under test drained from the oil cup. The steel balls were wiped by using lint free industrial wipe. The surface of the bearings was captured and wear scar measured by using microscope. Result and discussion With the special microscope, the wear scar diameters of bottom ball bearings were measured and the mean values were calculated. Table 3 shows the Mean Wear Scar. Mean wear scar diameter increases with the load gradually. The mineral oil content plays important role in wear and shown in Table 3 and figure 3 and it has been observed that wear scar value reduced with increase in mineral oil content in the water soluble metal working fluid concentrate. The relation between MWSD and MO content can be represented by the Equation 1 that has R2 = 0.9684 MWSD = 0.00003(MO)2 – 0.0081(MO) + 1.1257 (1) As our aim is to develop water based metal working fluid using minimum MO content. Further down, 40% mineral oil content concentrate taken for study and imparted with Phosphate additives and mean wear scar diameter found. It was observed by increasing the antiwear additive, the MSWD decreases as shown in Table 2. Data in Table 2 have been used to develop the 2-level factorial design. The surface and contour plot of this design are given in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively. The software MINITAB 15 was used for the 2-level factorial design and Table 4 and Table 5 represent the result of the analysis. The regression equation is given by Eqn.2. MWSD = 0.7075 0.0675xMO – 0.0575x PE + 0.0275 x MO x PE(2) The result of Analysis of Variance is given in Table 5. This table gives the value of various errors and the effect of various terms. The response MWSD have been optimized using the MINITAB 15 software. The study shows that 0.03% phosphate EP additive and 90% MO gives the best result of 0.61 within the experimental region. However, we are using 40% MO as discussed earlier. Therefore, the 40% MO and 0.03% phosphate EP additive gives the MWSD of 0.69. The optimum value can be calculated from the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 based on the maximum allowable MO content. Conclusion The tribology behavior of different metal working fluids at load (392N) were evaluated by Four ball tribotester machine and the results were compared. From the results, it can be concluded as 1.From the observation of wear scar condition, all the metal working fluids show abrasive wear. Severe adhesive wear found only in metal working fluid where there is low mineral oil content and rest of the samples found good. 2.Phosphate esters containing metal working fluid tend to impart anti-wear property to metal working fluids and with increase in quantity will leads to instability. 3.There was the general tendency for the wear, as indicated by the increased scar diameter, to increase the extreme pressure properties were improved. 4.Incorporation of antiwear additives for mineral oil containing 90% water soluble working fluid leads to instability. 5.A combination of 40% MO and 0.03% phosphate EP additives can be used production of water based metal working fluid.

Apple Inc Stock Analysis :: Essays Papers

Apple Inc stock analysis Apple Computer Inc designs, manufactures, and markets personal computers and related personal computing and communication solutions. The return of Steve Jobs, the companies founder, as CEO has pulled the company’s stock price up 775-percent through his launch of innovative products such as the iMac computer line. On January 5, 2000, Jobs announced that he was dropping interim from his CEO title and taking the job full-time. With this news and Apple’s new products such as the iBook, a portable pc and Quick TV, an internet television access feature, Apple Computer is headed for success and is sure to increase their share in the computer market. The stock price is currently 103.31, down from a recent high of 121.50. The P/E ratio is declining at 28 and beta at .67, which is expected to grow closer to 1.0. A recent earnings surprise last December yielded a 15% difference from the lower expectations and the latest earnings reports late last month also surprised investors. Estimates for the 2000 fiscal year are being raised by a large majority of analyst who believe that earnings per share will increase and the stock price will reach close to 150. On January 25, 2000, Apple’s portable pc the iBook was ranked number 1 in its fourth quarter market and gives Apple a 10% share of all portable computers in the U.S. retail market and is estimated to have a 7% in foreign markets. I believe an increase in demand for this product over the next few months and Apple’s ability to supply the increase will be gradually pushing the price upward. The introduction of Apple’s new operating system is underway and is sure to boost stock price after the new product is highly marketed. Apple’s partnership with Earthlink, an internet service company will provide them with an opportunity for advancement into the industry. A new feature for Mac users is Quick TV, which allows users to watch TV on the internet.

The Characters Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Characters Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh "Aruru molded out of clay in the image and 'of the essence of Anu', the sky god, and of Ninurta the war god named Enkidu" (pantheon.org/articles/e/enkidu.html). "His whole body was shaggy with hair, he was furnished with tresses like a woman, his locks of hair grew like grain. Enkidu was the bull-man (a human with horns, tail, and rear hooves of a bull). In the Akkadian Gilgamesh Epic, Enkidu is said to have lived with gazelles and jostled other wild beasts at the watering place, until civilized by Aruru's harlot. After being with the harlot for six days and seven nights Enkidu wanted to return to the wild beast, but they fled from him. "You have become wise Enkidu, you have become like a god" (piney.com/Enki.html). "Enkidu is gradually introduced to civilization by living for a time with a group of shepherds, who teach him how to tend flocks, how to eat, how to speak properly, and how to wear clothes. Enkidu then enters the city of Uruk during a great celebration. Gilgamesh, as the king, claims the right to be the first with every new bride on the day of her wedding; as Enkidu enters the city, Gilgamesh is about to claim that right. Infuriated at this abuse, Enkidu stands in front of the door of the marital chamber and blocks Gilgamesh's way. They fight furiously until Gilgamesh wins the upper hand; Enkidu concedes Gilgamesh's superiority and the two embrace and become devoted friends" (myfortress.org/EpicofGilgamesh.html). "Enkidu was the companion of Gilgamesh, and a wild or natural man" (pantheon.org/articles/e/enkidu.html). "Because Gilgamesh was too energetic for the people of Uruk, the gods decide to create a partner for him. Later he was considered a patron or god of animals" (piney.com/Enki.html). "Gilgamesh proposes a great adventure: they are to journey to the great Cedar Forest in southern Iran and cut down all the cedar trees" (wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM). "To do this, they will need to kill the Guardian of the Cedar Forest, the great demon, Humbaba the Terrible. Enkidu was extremely terrified they were headed to the dark forest to hunt Humbaba" (gilgamesh-solutions.com/epic.cfm). "Unlike Gilgamesh, Enkidu had seen this brutal monster before, he warned Gilgamesh, "Oh my lord you do not know this monster and that is the reason you are not afraid. His teeth are dragon fangs, his countence is like a lion, his charge is like a flood, and with a look he crushes alike the trees of the forest and the reeds of the swamp.

Zinc and Hydrochloric acid :: essays research papers

Zinc and Hydrochloric-Acid Abstract: We observed the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid and recorded it in a table and learned wether the percentage of zinc is effected by the amounts of both substances added to the solution. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the amount of zinc and hydrochloric acid will effect the percentage of the zinc in the out coming solution. We are reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid to produce a compound of zinc and chlorine atoms. We are then recording our data and observations and place it in a logical data table. Purpose The whole purpose of this experiment is to determine wether or not the amount of the zinc and or hydrochloric acid effects the out coming percent of the solution after under going chemical reaction. Procedure $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Weigh the zinc metal pieces and place them in a test tube $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Pour some hydrochloric acid over the zinc pieces. Observe $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Allow the zinc d hydrochloric acid to set over night to make sure that the reaction reaches completion. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Weigh a clean dry evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Decant the liquid remaining in your test tube into the evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6. Pour 2-3 ml distilled or de-ionized water into test tube and rinse any remaining zinc with water and decant the water into the evaporating dish also. If you have no remaining zinc pieces, rinse the test tube and decant the liquid into the dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7. Heat the evaporating dish until there is no more liquid remaining in the dish. The solid remaining will have a puffy and waxy look. Do not overheat but remove from the hot plate and turn off the heat source because the product has a relatively low melting point and it will melt and evaporate away in a white cloud $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8. When th evaporating dish has cooled sufficiently, weigh the dish with its contents. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9. Clean up by washing and drying your evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10. Calculate and report your % zinc in the compound to your teacher for comparison with other lab groups. Data and Observations I observed that as the chemicals reacted together in the test tube the solution began to create bubbles while the zinc rested at the bottom and then the test tube became hot to the touch from the chemical reaction.

First Confession

By Frank O'Connor I'm very attracted with the first person in this story named Jackie. This is a story about Jackie's experience of his first confession. Jackie always thought the terrible things about confession like the angry priest, a lot of sins he made, the sinner who would burned the furniture, etc, but the fact that he passed the first confession successfully. I think Jackie have the same bewilderment with me about first confession. I don't have background knowledge of the story and also do not know ome terms like Confession in the Church or Three Hail Marys.Because of Jackie's story, I could imagine the situation since Jackie was also experienced it at the first time. Moreover, I can understand the rites and practices of the Catholic religion. In this story, Jackie hated her grandmother and sister so much and wanted to kill them. I'm sure Jackie would not truly do that as he was only a eight-year-old child who still couldn't control his emotional feeling. Actually, it's becau se of the bad behaviors of them. His grandmother should be a good example for him but she always drunk and ever gave pennies to him but to his sister, Nora.It was good that Jackie was not influenced with his grandmother behavior, he thought that it was an awful instead. Usually a child will follow what adult does but Jackie was different, he was precisely mortified to follow the wrong one. He also realized that his wish for killing her grandmother and sister were wrong. Then, I think that Jackie was very honest and courageous. Although he was scared to death of confession, he told his sins truthfully to the priest. Some of us maybe will remain to silent about our sins or even denied it, n the contrary Jackie told everything.At first I thought he would not have courage to confess because of the threats from her sister who claimed being a sinner would get punishment not treatment. A bad confession story from Mrs. Ryan that made shocking impression on him also could make him denied his sins. But Jackie was one of a kind; his honest confession made the priest amazed and so did l. Jackie honesty and braveness made the priest gave him Three Hail Marys even the priest came out of the church with Jackie that he'd never done to Nora. First Confession Alexandro Ramirez English 1302 Professor Robin Russell 4/12/13 Critical Essay #1 â€Å"First Confession† At the beginning of the story, O’Connor, in the short story, â€Å"First Confession†, may use the all-knowing or omniscient point of view. He describes to choose any act of the character and any thought of the character, and he tells the goodness and the bad side of the character. Instead the story is written in first person point of view. The narrator in this story is also the main character, or protagonist.This way the reader is allow to the see the world in the eyes of Jackie, and his point of view about his grandmother, Nora, and Mrs. Ryan, and women itself. Jackie does not stand her grandmother at all, he relates her as the source of his entire problems, â€Å"and all because of that old woman! † Even thou his grandmother lives with him, because of the dead of his grandfather, he was actually afraid of her, he had to make excuses to his friend so h e won’t go inside his house to play because, â€Å"because I could never be sure what she would be up to. He also is disgusted by the woman’s love of porter beer, her inclination to eat potatoes with her hands, â€Å"she had a jug of porter and a pot of potatoes with-some-times-a bit of salt fish, and she poured out the potatoes on the table and ate them slowly, with great relish, using her fingers by way of a fork,† and of course favoring Nora, â€Å"she knew Mother saw through her, so she sided with Gran. † Nora his old sister was a pain to Jackie, she often was picking on him, and got him into trouble, â€Å"Oh, Dadda, do you know what Jackie did at dinnertime? Then, of course, it all came out; Father gave me a flaking; Mother interfered, and for days after that he didn't speak to me and Mother barely spoke to Nora. † Even thou Jackie is really nervous and afraid for his first confession, because he doesn’t want to tell the priest he wan ted to kill his grandmother, Nora instead of supporting him, she was playing with this mind, â€Å"She held my hand as we went down the hill, smiling sadly and saying how sorry she was for me, as if she were bringing me to the ospital for an operation. † Also before arriving to the chapel, Jackie confesses horrible things that Nora does to him that we will never know of or his mother, â€Å"that girl had ways of tormenting me that Mother never knew of. † An old woman called Mrs. Ryan is teaching Jackie and his class mates about the Ten Commandments and hell. She tells the class the story of a man who made a bad confession which was not telling the truth to the priest and whose hands burnt the bed of a priest. Jackie thinks Mrs.Ryan is trying to frighten the children into being good or they will burn in hell for eternity, â€Å"Then she asked were we afraid of holding one finger-only one finger! † Also she is trying to make sure that they don’t tell the pr iest a bad confession, â€Å"hell had the first place in her heart. † To tell a bad confession in Jackie’s eyes means dying and burning in hell. Jackie  doesn’t  want to make a bad confession but knows that he will because he  doesn’t  think he’ll be able to tell the priest that he wants to kill his grandmother.The day the class is to make their confession Jackie pretends that he has a toothache so that he can avoid confession, because Mrs. Ryan gets wind of his absence and makes arrangements so that Jackie can go to confession he was literary scared to death, â€Å"I was scared to death of confession,† the following Saturday and still be able to attend his first communion. Jackie does not see women with good eyes, in fact he thinks they are bad people because of the way they treat him, â€Å"girls are supposed to be fastidious. Also in this short story we are able to see three great examples for this. First his grandmother, which h e thinks it’s all her fault and an ugly woman who doesn’t know how to act in town, â€Å"unsuited to the life in town. † Nora another great example who is a bad big sister, who only plays with his mind and doesn’t see the suffering of his young brother. Lastly Mrs. Ryan a woman who tries to scare him, â€Å"new half-crown, and offered it to the first boy who would hold one finger, only one finger! in the flame for five minutes. † With this Firs Point of View we could actually feel Jackie’s feelings and intention to why he portraits women, or in this case this three women like that. A third person point of view, would help much at understanding Jackie, but the author choose wisely and now the reader can conclude all of the ideas portrait on this short story, and also we can be on Jackie’s shoes and know the true story behind it.

Financial Management Essay

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157 defines what is fair value as understood in terms of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and it also increases disclosure requirement about fair value measurements. This latest Statement, effective this 2007 is being made applicable to other accounting pronouncements made earlier where there is a requirement or allowance for use fair value measurements of an accounting entities’ assets, liabilities and equity accounts. (Bernstein, 1993; Brigham and Houston, 2002). SFAS 157 therefore does not require any new fair value measurements on the basis of the Financial Accounting Standards Board having earlier determined that that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute (FASB, n. d. ). As to why the FASB needed to issue this SFAS, it may be recalled that before this Statement, the Accounting profession has already been exposed to different definitions of fair value but only had limited guidance for applying those definitions in GAAP (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). This is not to mention the fact that that guidance to accountants was found in many accounting pronouncements that require fair value measurements, thereby generating differences that strong enough to create possible inconsistencies of these guidelines hence may be held contrary into the FASB objective of applying GAA less complex. Increased consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and for expanded disclosures about fair value measurements appears to be the clear objective of FASB in enacting this SFAS 157 (FASB, n. d. ). As to how this differs from other fair value pronouncements, the argued may be framed on the following points: First, since the changes to current practice resulting from the application of this Statement relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to measure fair value, and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements, the differences should only be expected to arise on said points. Specifically, the present definition of fair value under SFAS 157 preserves the exchange price notion in earlier definitions of fair value. SFAS 157 however now makes the clarification that â€Å"the exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability, that is, the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. † (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). The new statement treats the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability as a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability. It is therefore clear to see focus of the definition made on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). Such definition of price is of course different and should be distinguished on the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability. It needs to be emphasized also that SFAS treats fair value as a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, hence measurement is determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (FASB, 2007, n. d. ). 3. Select one public company in the last 3 years that has had asset impairments and have a one page explanation of what the impairment was about and under what standard it was calculated. The company is selected is Standard Register. Using its 2006 Annual Report, the company (Standard Register 2007b) has indeed asset impairment Net Assets Held for Sale based on its notes to FS which provides: â€Å"In conjunction with the closing of the Terre Haute plant, in 2006 the Company recorded $1,474 of asset impairments, primarily related to equipment. The carrying value of the Terre Haute building and equipment was adjusted to its fair value less costs to sell, considering recent sales of similar properties and real estate valuations† This paper submits that the impairment may have been calculated under SFAS No. 154, made effective on January 2, 2006, on Accounting Changes and Error Corrections which is a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement No. 3. (Standard Register 2007a) 4. Submit the title page of SFAS 157 from the FASB or FARS site. See Next Page. 5. Submit a copy of the page of the company 10-K that indicates the impairment Bernstein, Financial Statement Analysis, IRWIN, Sydney, Australia, (1993) Brigham and Houston, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Thomson South-Western, US, 2002 FASB, Summary of Statement No. 157 Fair Value Measurements, (n. d. ) http://www. fasb. org/st/summary/stsum157. shtml, {www document} URL, Accessed October 7, 2007 Meigs and Meigs, Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1995 Standard Register, 2006 Annual Report, Form 10 – K, (2007a) {www document} URL http://media. corporate-ir. net/media_files/irol/95/95849/2006annualreport2. pdf, Accessed October 7, 2007 Standard Register, Company Website, (2007b) {www document} URL, http://www. standardregister. com/, Accessed October 7, 2007

Argumentative Paragraph

My favorite scene is when, Farhan is about to leave the country then he receives a call telling that the caller know where Rancho is. Farhan immediately run out of the airport and he calls Raju who is on his bed. They went in there College Campus where the caller was there. In the top of the building they met their college friend and remember their commitment. And they find nothing in there. Friends, Family or Future: which should come first? Family should come first. Real Story Viruddh†¦ Family Comes First Viruddh is one among relatively few Hindi films that is not a musical, instead thesoundtrack is primarily used as background.The movie begins with Amar telling the story of his family and himself. Amar is the son of Vidyadhar and Sumitra Patwardhan, a middle class couple in India. Amar lives and works in London and he sends some of his salary to them. One day Amar returns home with Jenny Mayer, his girlfriend, and announces his intention to get married to her. Initially reluc tant, his parents are pleased and happy for the two. One day, Amar goes out celebrating with his friends, whilst his parents and Jenny organise a surprise party for him.Outside a pub, Amar witnesses a murder and, while trying to apprehend the killer, he gets mortally wounded in the fight. Amar succumbs in the hospital. The assailant is identified as Harshwardhan Kadam, son of a minister Kadam. Soon, the police start covering the case up. Amar is implicated in false charges of drug peddling. Witnesses and close friends of Amar too give false statements. The torture doesn't end there, as police try to implicate Jenny as his accompolice. Vidyadhar decides that it is not good for Jenny to live there, especially since she is expecting Amar's child.Vidyadhar bails her out and implores her to return before she is locked up for good. Harshwardhan goes scot free meanwhile and Vidyadhar decides to seek justice on his own. Ali Asgar, a mechanic and an acquaintance of Patwardhan's, decides to h elp them. Soon, Ali succeeds in procuring a gun for Vidyadhar. Vidyadhar decides to confront Harshwardhan in his own office. Harshwardhan cockily lets him enter in and starts taunting him. Vidyadhar accuses him and Harshwardhan arrongantly confesses his crimes, telling Vidyadhar that he cannot prove a thing.Vidyadhar points the gun at him, upon which Harshwardhan calls his guards. Vidyadhar guns down Harshwardhan and the guards enter in moments later Harshwardhan's dead body collapses down. Harshwardhan's head guard lets Vidyadhar go, claiming that he won't be able to look at his family in the eye if he arrests Vidyadhar. A case stands up against Vidyadhar, where he reveals a pocket tape recorder on which the whole confession of Harshwardhan is recorded. Based on the proof, Amar is exonerated of all false charges levelled up against him. Vidyadhar is also set free.In an interview, Vidyadhar makes it clear that he doesn't intend to sue Kadam since his son has been killed and Vidyadha r knows the pain. In the end, it is shown that Vidyadhar is living a happy life with Sumitra, Jenny, and his grandchild. Amar now explains that his father has always been a hero for him since childhood and he is feeling a little jealous of his daughter who is being treated with same affection with which Vidyadhar treated Amar in his childhood. The movie ends with Amar disappearing in light claiming now he can rest in peace. From: The Hospitalist, June 2009Pediatric HM should embrace development of â€Å"collaborative† care by Mark Shen, MD I recently returned from a seminar where I sang â€Å"Kumbaya† (OK, maybe I hummed) and performed a skit in front of the 250 other participants. Having once been edited out of my own end-of-residency movie, you might think this was Acting 101 for the next Shen’s Anatomy. Rather, this was â€Å"Hospitals and Communities Moving Forward with Patient and Family-Centered Care. † Replete with experiential lessons in positive change, it transformed my vision of the future for patients, families, and our field.Patient- and family-centered care (PFCC) is a movement rooted in the values at the core of our profession. As soon as the hunter-gatherers formed communities, a village healer emerged. Parents could turn to the healer for help when a child developed bronchiolitis. With similar amounts of hand-waving, these healers produced outcomes similar to current bronchiolitis care. But what once was a simple relationship has become fractured through relentless de-evolutionary forces. Progressive specialization has exponentially ncreased the number of healers.The rapid, paternalistic injection of science and technology overwhelms even the most capable of Homo sapiens. The final product can be as cold and sterile as a modern-day operating room. Amidst the labyrinthine tangle of providers, information, and facilities, there is a warm underglow of hope. Unless you’ve been hiding under the concrete foundation of the old part of your hospital, you’ve heard about family-centered rounds (FCR). It’s the new black, or the new steroids, of pediatric HM.And it carries with it the potential to be the bellwether of change. A simplistic view entails moving teaching rounds from the conference room to the bedside. Throw in a multidisciplinary component and you have a theoretical therapeutic milieu from which all manner of positive education and patient outcomes might be measured. But one must ask the question: Can create patient- and family-centeredness The Importance of Family. Families are much more than groups of individuals. They have their own goals and aspirations.They also are places where every child and adult should feel that he or she is special and be encouraged to pursue his or her own dreams; a place where everyone's individuality is permitted to flourish. Although every family has conflicts, all the family members should feel as though they can express themselves openly, share their feelings, and have their opinions listened to with understanding. In fact, conflicts and disagreements are a normal part of family life and are important insofar as they permit people to communicate their differences and ventilate their feelings.The family instructs children and gives guidance about personal values and social behavior. It instills discipline and helps them learn and internalize codes of conduct that will serve them for the rest of their lives. It helps them develop positive interpersonal relationships, and it provides an environment that encourages learning both in the home and at school. It gives children a sense of history and a secure base from which to grow and develop. Yet, as important as these functions are, they do not happen automatically.Every parent knows it takes hard work to keep the family going as an effective, adaptive, and functional unit. Divine law is any law that, according to religious belief, comes directly from the will of God, in contrast to man-made law. Like natural law (which may be seen as a manifestation of divine law) it is independent of the will of man, who cannot change it. However it may be revealed or not, so it may change in human perception in time through new revelation. Divine law is eternal law, meaning that since God is infinite, then his law must also be infinite and eternal.In Thomas Aquinas's Treatise on Law, divine law, as opposed to natural law, comes only from revelation or scripture, hence biblical law, and is necessary for human salvation. According to Aquinas, divine law must not be confused with natural law. Divine law is mainly and mostly natural law, but it can also be positive law. Conclusion Family should value first. It is a precious thing that a man can have. All the things you have are no match for a family, because with family all your tears, heartaches, problems, burdens will disappear with so much in love with your family.You know what, I dreamed once that my family will be happy at the time were nothing. I always say to myself that my family is the one will love me for a million years. What is the essence of having a beautiful house, a million money, a beautiful life without your family?. Think of it. As I grow older, I can imagine my world without my family. They are the one will fade your tears, they are the one will understand you, and they are the only one will love you. Yes, time come you will having your own family, and with that you can say that your already complete with the love of your family.I always observe in television and also in real life that they have the things they wanted. But aren’t happy enough because they know that they are not complete without a child. Their some people with a peaceful life, a not so beautiful house, nothing to eat but see they are happy because they loving each other. That’s what family is, a perfect family. Friends and Future are always their waiting for us. These two can gone, can steal, c an be nothing, but with family it can never be replace, steal and can be yours because its mine.

Is Helmut Newton’s Photography Artistic or Pornographic? Essay

Abstract Photography is a very interesting media to convey messages, feelings and opinions, and leaves a wide range of styles and methods how to do so. The photographer Helmut Newton developed a way to show his own imagination of reality and express his feelings, which is criticised by many people, for as some do not see the art in his work. They rather accuse it to be pornographic. By looking at the development of his work over time and the true meaning of his pictures, the legal side of publishing these pictures and the reproaches of his so called greatest enemy, the feminist Alice Schwarzer, I tried to show how the question whether Helmut Newton’s work is artistic or pornographic is related to a created war between sexes, the battle between Newton and Schwarzer. Whilst there are many books about photography, I only could find a few information about Newton’s work, mainly taken from his own autobiography, for as public places, such as libraries did not had any material. I guess this is because of the context of his work. Nudity does not seem to be at its right place in a public library. However, I was willing to research Newton’s work in detail at first hand, when I for example went to one of his exhibitions. But this all just showed me how interesting this topic is. For as I only see the artistic material in his work, others totally exclude it from the art-section. This seemed to be a matter of opinion, a matter of choice. My conclusion therefore is based on the fact, that people have their own right to decide what is pornographic, without being influenced by others. (283) Background Information Helmut Newton was born on Sunday, 13. October 1920 in Schoeneberg, Berlin as a son of a wealthy button manufacturer. His father enrolled him in the American School of Berlin, but he was expelled because he chose to dream about photography, swimming, and girls instead of completing his schoolwork. Later on in 1936, Newton started working on his career as a photographer and became an apprentice at the studio of the famous and well known Berlin photographer Yva, whose real name is Elsie Simon. He completed his placement after two years. Because of the great pressure of the National Socialists on the Jewish society, he left Germany in 1938 to go to Singapore, where he accepts a position as a photojournalist for the Singapore Straits Times. However, he was fired two weeks later due to incompetence.1 After spending a couple of years in Singapore without work, trying to â€Å"sleep himself† through life, he lost any professional ambition. He had indifferent opinions about photography . In 1940, being only 20 years old, he got carried off to an Australian internment camp. As there was a change of government, he left the camp and after he was discharged from the army, Newton first changed his name from â€Å"Helmut Neustaedter† into â€Å"Helmut Newton† and then opened a small photography studio in Melbourne. In 1948, Newton married the actress June Brunell, which started in 1970 her own photography career under the name of Alice Springs. Newton began contributing fashion photos to French Vogue in 1961 and continued to do so for twenty-five years. During this time, he also was a regular fashion contributor to Linea Italiana, Queen, Nova, Jardin des Modes, Marie-Claire, Elle, and American, Italian and German Vogue. Introduction Helmut Newton recently had an exhibition in the NRW-Forum, Dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½sseldorf, Germany to celebrate his eightieth birthday. It was called Helmut Newton-Work and it included his 200 favourite pictures from the three most important areas – fashion, nudes and portraits- from his last forty years of work, but arranged by his wife, June Brunell, who is said to have a major impact on Newton’s photography. As his work has fascinated me over several years and I had shown great interest in this photographer from the moment I first saw his work, for me the pictures presented in the exhibition were unbelievable fascinating and they held my attention for ages. I looked at every detail and interpreted them and made up my own little stories, to find out what lies behind these pictures. They really impressed me and inspired me, giving me lots of ideas I would like to try out in photography myself. Photography is a great method to mediate and convey messages, ideas and emotions. For as I know that to give a photo the right expression you have to be talented and skilled, I can say that Helmut Newton is one of the most talented photographer, as he creates such an extensive and controversial work. However, I should add that, from what I have read of Helmut Newton himself, I am disgusted by him, his character and his beliefs, but this does not change my opinion about his work as I am still fascinated by his pictures. I am thrilled of the way he uses his surrounding to create this famous and special atmosphere in his pictures and often caught myself wishing to be set into pose by him one time. People’s opinions however, tend to be different when it comes to Newton’s work. Some people, mainly women, feel offended by his pictures or at least are not happy about the idea Newton uses to mediate his massages. I went to the exhibition with my mum and afterwards we both argued about which of these pictures should be allowed to be published and which should not, and we certainly did not come to an agreement where the line is, that should not be crossed. â€Å"The phenomenon Newton would be not conceivable without the women’s movement.† (Bild) The women’s movement has developed and grown during the period of Helmut Newton’s career. Now feminist criticism is established in universities, in parts of the media, and in the minds of many people in everyday life. Whilst I really enjoy Helmut Newton’s work I am aware of feminist criticism of it. Many of them title his work as voyeuristic and pornographic. It is in the context of these ideas and theories that I need to work out my own thoughts. â€Å"This woman cannot run away, not even before Newton’s fantasies.†2 (Alice Schwarzer) There have been many writers and commentators on Helmut Newton’s work, but I have decided to focus on the writing of Alice Schwarzer, whose words are quoted above. For me, these anti-Newton writings represent the best known and most extreme reaction against the photographer’s work, especially in Germany. Is Helmut Newton’s photography artistic or pornographic? This is my research question. My hypothesis and thesis and argument is that Helmut Newton’s work is not pornographic. My belief is that the answer to this question lies with each individual. Therefore, I will argue that the photographs are not pornographic for me. However, Alice Schwarzer made it very clear, that they are indeed pornographic to her, and it is also clear that she would like to persuade me and all her other readers to take the same view. For me, I am not interested in trying to persuade others what to think, but simply, in exploring my own responses to the work. In this way, I feel that I am close to Helmut Newton’s own point of view in that his art is made for himself. Main Body / Development Pictures can influence the perception of the true reality better and more effective than words. This concept was already followed by the Old Testament picture prohibition, which consists of the commandment â€Å"Thy shall not make for yourself an idol3†. However, this did not mean, that there was no allowance for art, as the religious started to use symbols (such as the white dove symbolises the Holly Spirit) to make their point. Pictures transport messages and raise emotions. And in our modern media society the dependence of simple visual perception and its power increases. The actual meaning of a picture, however lies rather in what kind of different details in the photo cause different feelings in our selves than just its outer look. That is why the meaning and the emotional message is dependent on the person who is looking at the picture, as the personal perception and the experience of life play a major role in deciding what we observe as reality. This person then may decide, whether the artwork he or she is looking at is artistic or not. Deciding on whether something is artistic, we first have to define the word art. Although today there is no universally accepted definition of art4, I would define art as an imitation of reality and an expression of what the artist feels. An artistic arrangement, design etc. therefore looks attractive and has been done with skill and imagination.5 Our interest in art involves aesthetic evaluation, which might be positive or negative. Not just the viewers but also certain artists have different opinions of what is beautiful and artistic and how it should be expressed. Although Newton does not want to be seen as an artist (â€Å"this fine-art crap is killing photography, in my vocabulary, art is a dirty word.†6), looking at my definition of art and his statement â€Å"I use what God gives me, but arrange the world the way I like it.†7 would prove him wrong, as God gives the reality and Newton’s feelings arrange his own world. It is said that an artist develops his own style through a creative reputation. For the artist therefore a sure measurement of achievement is, when the work produced continues to stay in our minds even a long time after we first got into contact with the works surface charms. There are many people, that see these surface charms as a barrier from looking deeper into Newton’s photographs. For them, his pictures still cause accusations of sexual voyeurism. In today’s life, nude pictures involving any kind of human being whether black or white, young or old, stand in the shadow of political and moral disapproval it could never hope to support. But why criticising and abusing Newton’s work as voyeurism, if it is said that distance generates mystery and enchantment?8 Though it is not just Newton’s own work that bashes people, but more or less his influence, the influence on the viewer, the outside, the society. Newton is said to be one of the best fashion photographers of his time. He often surprises us with work that goes far beyond what an magazine editor would require. It all began in Paris in 1961, when he started his career at the French Vogue. It is a well known fashion magazine for women, that often shows the way women are looked at. A few years later, the simple fashion photos became more taboo-braking as he used implications of bestiality9. One example of this is the series he produced in the American Vogue in 1975. There, women with metal chains were presented in leather cloths, the reputation of fashion being clean and light was destroyed by a single picture series showing dirt and dark colours on the skinny bodies of the female models. Although the women were so powerful illustrated, they had a sense of submissiveness to the viewer. These pictures were telling a story; a story that was different from mind to mind. It was different to what people were used to. This was not just fashion photography anymore. It was new and it was created by Newton. Fashion photography started in the early 20th century and is said to create an image of the society, reflecting the reality and creating an important role that women play in it. It is used to sell the product that it displays, using the agency of temptation and the desire they inspire. From the start, fashion photography had close similarities with portraiture and it was not clear, where the dividing line between these two categories laid. But as no other photographer did, Newton succeeds in overshooting these lines between fashion and portraiture, combining it with nudity and nearly dissolve these lines, so that there is no clear difference anymore. It is not simple to classify a picture of Newton’s to a particular genre, as it often happens that a fashion photo is nude, a nude is fashion and also portrait at the same time. It seems like Newton really enjoys playing with these genres, making it not clear to the viewer which one it belongs to. These created images constantly e voke contradictions. Real and artificial, feminine and masculine, subject and object, nude and dressed, are just some of them. (PICTURES) Women that are once dressed and then undressed again, in the same situations and poses, great, large images of nude women executed in series (such as the â€Å"Big Nudes†, â€Å"Naked and Dressed†, â€Å"Domestic Nudes†) – he developed an infinitive repertoire. Infinitive are also the different poses and situations the models are shown. No other photographer has ever shown the female body in so many different ways, though with the help of unusual material, leaving many imaginary situations, desires and stories, which do all evoke and express his life (and ours) in a miraculous way. This is not typical and certainly not required in fashion photography, however, it is what makes Newton’s work so unique over the past time and compared to other artists work. Therefore we can say, that Newton has always been much more than a fashion photographer not only, because he created this own unique style but also because he insists that concept is more important than cloths.10 He became one of the most famous star photographers in every way. Politician, actors, artist – everyone wants to be set into pose by the master of the oppressive fantasy. He portrayed people from every kind of political and aesthetic matter: Helmut Kohl in front of the German oak, Gerhard Schroeder in front of a brick wall, Andy Warhol in bed and Anthony Hopkins with an evil but mystical look. For me all these different pictures show that he is definitely a figurative artist who has the skill of using the medium of photography to create a unique imaginative world. (PICTURES) A remarkable change to the view of fashion photography happened in the years between the sixties and eighties. In this decade years of extreme creativity and productivity were created and it was during these years that the unique originality of Helmut Newton’s vision took shape, that is to always try to find a new concept of beauty. In his tending to be aggressive and provocative photos, Newton reached the point where he displayed the difference between the sexes to such an extent that many parts of the society, mainly feminists, titled him with the presumption of misogyny and grouped together to make a clear stand against him. Although Newton always tried to imagine and visualise women exactly as they are. He seems to be interested especially in presenting those women that are not following but leading themselves, women, that desire and love whomever and whenever they like, most important in whatever way they like. He shows women that have command upon their own bodies and ar e free and willing to present them in this powerful way, that he is most famous for, women who are both responsible and willing.11 Newton insists on the question: â€Å"How do we see the women?† Definitively, he has already left his answer for the world. The phenomena Newton would also not be considerable without the women’s liberation. Looking at Newton’s work from the beginning, one can see that parallel to his development of photography in the past forty years, the women rights and therefore their self-confidence has also changed. Women became more self-confident and independent and claim their rights of their own body. This development is visible in the art work of Newton. Whereas the women in Newton’s photos from the 70s and the beginning of the 80s look less confident with their eyes slightly to the floor looking bashful into the camera, the women of the 80s and 90s radiate self-confidence. A development that Newton could not influence. Looking at that perspective, one could see Newton’s work as a mirror of our time, reflecting the past and the history. (PICTURES) Accused of treating them like objects, called misogynous, porno-chic or perverted, the photographer has never been afraid of crossing the frontiers between moral and aesthetic and in his way, reinvent concepts such as the feminine, eroticism, sexuality and power. Ironically, it is the feminine side, that accuses and dislikes Newton and his work the most, although it is him who seems to command and admire women to a great extend, just as he wants the viewer to admire and love them. The war between the sexes (PICTURES) One woman became very famous because she raised her voice against this man, that uses the power of popularity and might to present his fantasy, feelings and thoughts in a way that no one else has done before, using the female body to illustrate all sorts of situations. Here, we are talking about a war between the sexes, a war that has not found an end yet. It is an continues back and forth in propaganda and cross propaganda between the most famous photographer, Helmut Newton, and the most famous German feminist Alice Schwarzer. It is she who accuses him of supplying propaganda material to this war of sexes, giving higher doses year after year. Alice Schwarzer was born in1942 in Wuppertal, Germany. She lived with her grandparents, who took great care of her. It is said that she had the best relationship with her granddad, that she had ever had with a man. In 1970 she became a member of the Paris women’s liberation (Mouvement de Liberation des femmes, MLF). After she moved back from France to Gerany, she then became a liberal author until the 26.January 1977 were she found EMMA. EMMA is a bi-monthly magazine that comes out the last Thursday of every even month. It is available in every German-speaking country at large news-stands. Read by about 120.000 people EMMA is the only magazine for women published by women in Europe. Until now, Schwarzer is still its editor-in-chief and publisher. She has written many books and articles, where she mentioned the work of Helmut Newton, where she asked other women to stand up for the women’s right and especially, to stand against this so-called voyeuristic photographer, Helmut Newton. One article is directly written about Newton’s work. It was published in EMMA 6/1993 and also in Schwarzer’s book â€Å"Alice in the men’s world – an interim balance†12. In this article, Alice Schwarzer definitely makes her point and opinion clear. There is no sympathy to Newton, no admiration, not a single positive statement. She lists every point that she can mention in a negative way and finds interesting methods to relate his voyeuristic, sadistic and pornographic work to Newton’s past. It happens in her article, that she draws the readers attention to the fact, that Helmut Newton is descended from a Jewish family and that his first photography teacher, the by him admired and famous Yva (whose rea l name was Else Simon), was later murdered in Ausschwitz. She relates this fact to his alleged sadistic and black fantasy and is shocked that any respect and honour and pride is missing to what has happened to the Jews in the second world war. She says that his fantasy world is full of offenders in uniform or pinstripes and victims, that have the meaningful expression of being strong. Tall, blond girls, shiny black slaves and greedy mistress, that wait for their masters to get broken down. Basically she is not wrong in saying this as he indeed said in his autobiography, that he was fascinated by the domina and prostitutes and the dark atmosphere that surrounds them at the time he was living in London (1957). But Schwarzer does not only want to explain what sort of women, in her opinion, Newton presents, but she wants to build a connection between his passion for cruel, dominating but beautiful women and his past, the fact that he is Jewish and grew up in a time where pictures were made to produce propaganda. Hitler used posters and pictures to show the Germans whom they shall like and whom they should not pointing at the Jews and declaring them as bad. These pictures showed Jewish people, looking like criminals, explaining the German nation that this is how the people look like that can be ridiculed, carried off and killed. This equation forms a courageous thesis. But, however, you can feel her anti-sympathy for Newton, as she is stunned about the phantasm Newton publishes, where no picture is the product of a better one, only showing the tortured view in the own chasm13. She has the opinion, that Newton’s pictures do not disturb but confirm the existing relations in a world of violence, war and torture. Newton’s pictures are comparable with the fantasy of men and the awe with which the male imagination regards all women. He shows the insecure men a strong, powerful and demanding woman, and these pictures do not ask â€Å"productive questions† but give straight answe rs to the modern society – therefore they are pure pornography (Schwarzer). Pornography, that is what Schwarzer sees in Newton’s work. Pictures, that are made by humans of humans, have an effect of their social and psychological reality – where it does not matter whether it is a pornographic, racist or anti-Semitic picture.14 According to the law, however, representations are only pornographic, if they cause sexual state of arousal to the viewer and at the same time go beyond the agreed limits of the social values to the sexual sense of decency.15 This would mean, that this paragraph serves to the general feeling for decency but not for the safety of the women’s dignity. A point that makes Schwarzer despair. Over and over again she makes that clear. But not only through words, speeches, written articles and books, but also through legal movements she raises her voice to emphasise the importance of this topic. In 1978, Alice Schwarzer sued the German magazine Stern for offence against à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½823 BGB16, that says â€Å"Who offends intentionally or negligently the life, body, health, freedom, ownership or any other right of another in any way, is obligated to compensate the victim for the arised damage†. It was simply the publication of some of Newton’s pictures, (In July 1977 the Stern published a picture showing a naked female backside placed on a bike’s saddle; in March 1978 a naked woman on the beach, covered with sand on the decisive parts of the body; and in April 1978 it was the publication of a picture showing a black female, naked, holding a microphone in her hand, however, being tied up in heavy, metal chains) that caused Schwarzer and many other women to go to court and to sue the Stern. The statement of claim of Schwarzer’s side said, that not only the way and manner of the presentation, but also the summery shows that there is a simple system behind it: The representation of women as an instrument of power. Schwarzer had the opinion she had deciphered a global, male conspiracy, based on a â€Å"gentlemen’s agreement† not to see women as actors but as objects of male controlled art. She also accused Newton to be the leader of this egoistic and little-caring male party, for as not many are as talented and as cold at the same time as he is. However, Schwarzer lost the conflict. The judge saw no conclusive element in Schwarzer’s allegation, more or less because the plaintiffs could not be in force of the personal violation of own law. Women as a group are not able to be collectively insulted, so the judge. The plaintiffs should present their concern to the legislator, as he went on. And that is what she followed the next few years. Her aim is to gain a law against the production, spreading and possession of pornography. In other words: The censorship of Pornography. She demands more rights for women, the right for women to stand up against the pornographic representation of women by artists such as Newton, to stand up for the dignity of (wo-)men with all strengths, because pornography is the propaganda for the degradation of women and has nothing to do with morality (Schwarzer). Following that concept, at the end of the 1987, EMMA got the Anti-Porn-Campaign started under the name PorNO, led by Alice Schwarzer. Being a representative of this campaign means you have to agree with Mrs Schwarzer’s opinion that pornography does support the violence on women and children, as pornography displays women in a humiliated position or rather as pornography is the humiliated act against women. It gives a picture of women that are human beings of second rank, born to be victims, just good enough to be used, taken, raped, and tortured. According to EMMA17, pornographic pictures and movies give rise to the pressure and constraint for women to give themselves away to this humiliation. But the actual centre of the campaign against pornography lies in the argument that â€Å"Pornography causes violence†. And it is so much more than just the expression of the brutality as a whole. To strengthen her thesis, Schwarzer always follows the same pattern when writing her articles. Although still seen morally wrong, women who show their body for published pictures or sell sex are still allowed to continue their trade. Schwarzer asks the women why this has been allowed to continue and gives a straight and simple answer: men. Conclusion Is Helmut Newton’s photography artistic or pornographic? Working on this research question whilst looking at the developed war between Newton and the feminist Schwarzer was really interesting and had taught me many things I had not known before. I have to say it was difficult criticising Newton’s work from the perspective of Schwarzer, as I do not share her opinion. Studying the feminist view on Newton’s work did not hold me away from the belief that his work is fantastic and by all means artistic indeed. Though I do understand what causes Schwarzer’s anxiety, I still do not agree with how she tries to persuade others to acquire her opinion and do not see any value in her argument. However, I respect her opinion for as my belief is, that every individual has to decide on his or her own whether Newton’s work is artistic or pornographic. Art is just the presentation of the visions and fantasies, emotions and thoughts of an artist and should not be doubt by outstanding people, for as I think that Newton only shows the forbidden desire, no one else dares to talk about, whether male or female but still captures in his/her mind. â€Å"I use what God gives me, but arrange the world the way I like it.†18 (Helmut Newton) Appendix The following pictures are added for the reader of this written piece to decide for his or her own whether Helmut Newton’s photography is pornographic or artistic. (PICTURES) Bibliography * Helmut Newton, Autobiographie, 2002, Bertelsmann Verlag * Helmut Newton – Work, Taschen * John L. Tomkinson, The Enterprise of Knowledge, 1999, Leader Books S.A. Publications * Longman Dictionary of contemponary English, Third Edition * Alice Schwarzer, Alice im Mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nnerland – eine Zwischenbilanz, 2002, Kiepenheuer&Witsch * EMMA: 1. EMMA 12/1987 2. EMMA Sonderband 5 3. EMMA 06/1993 4. EMMA 07/1978 * World Wide Web: 1. http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm 2. http://www.uol.com.br/modabrasil/london_link/english/helmut 3. http://www.aliceschwarzer.de/content/c1052749630440.html 4. http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm 5. http://www.freitag.de/2000/49/00491501.htm 6. http://www.aliceschwarzer.de/textevon/kernthema_4,html Pictures taken from various websites, but mainly from the google-picture-gallery. Acknowledgements I wish to acknowledge the help and support of the following people: John Rolfe – for his great help in supervising and supporting me during my study Max van Sambeck – for his information about the legal rights EMMA – for giving me some information about their work and about Alice Schwarzer Regina von Kempis-Kà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ster – my mom, for travelling to Dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½sseldorf with me to see Helmut Newton’s exhibition Helmut Newton-work 1 http://www.temple.edu/photo/photographers/spring03/photographers/heatherprice/newton/biography.html 2 http://www,aliceschwarzer.de/content/c1052749630440.html 3 Bible, Exodus 20,4 4 John L. Tomkinson, The Enterprise Of Knowledge 5 Longman Dictionary of contemponary English 6 http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm 7 http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm 8 Helmut Newton, Autobiografie 9 http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm 10 www.uol.com.br/modabrasil/london_link/english/helmut 11 Helmut Newton – Work, Taschen 12 = â€Å"Alice im Mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nnerland – eine Zwischenbilanz† (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2002) 13 â€Å"Alice im Mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nnerland – eine Zwischenbilanz† (Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2002) 14 Alice Schwarzer, EMMA 12/1987 15 German law, $184 StGB Strafrechtliches Gesetzbuch (=Criminal/Penal Civil Code) 16 German law, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½823 Bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rgerliches Gesetzbuch (=Civil Code) 17 EMMA Sonderband 5, page 6f 18 http://www.rpadel.dircon.co.uk/rp_helmut_newton.htm Show preview only